Wiki Languages: Livvi-Karelian language (Karjalan)
| Language: Livvi-Karelian (Livvi-Karelian language) | Local name: Karjalan |
| Language code: olo | Display language: English (en)|
| Speak area: Russia | Classification: Uralic |
| Country: Russia | Second language: |
| Usage: regional | Wiki language for Livvi-Karelian language |
Dictionary for Livvi-Karelian (Karjalan) in English
| English | Livvi-Karelian |
| Karjalan | English |
| Livvi-Karelian | |
|---|---|
| livvi | |
| Native to | Russia, Finland |
| Region | between Lake Ladoga and Lake Onega, northward of Svir River, Karelia |
Native speakers | 14,100–25,000 (2000–2010)[1] |
Language family | Uralic
|
Writing system | Latin (Karelian alphabet) Cyrillic (Russia)[citation needed] |
| Official status | |
Recognised minority language in | Finland[2] Republic of Karelia (Russia)[3] |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | olo |
| Glottolog | livv1243 |
| ELP | Livvi |
 Olonetsian is classified as Definitely Endangered by the UNESCOAtlas of the World's Languages in Danger (2010) | |
Livvi-Karelian[4] (Alternate names: Liygi, Livvi, Livvikovian, Olonets, Southern Olonetsian, Karelian; Russian: ливвиковский язык)[4][5] is a dialect of the Karelian language, which is a Finnic language of the Uralic family,[6] spoken by Olonets Karelians (self-appellation livvi, livgilaizet), traditionally inhabiting the area between Ladoga and Onega lakes, northward of Svir River. The name "Olonets Karelians" is derived from the territory inhabited, Olonets Krai, named after the town of Olonets, named after the Olonka River.
History
Before World War II, Livvi-Karelian was spoken both in Russia and in Finland, in the easternmost part of Finnish Karelia. After Finland was forced to cede large parts of Karelia to the USSR after the war, the Finnish Livvi-Karelian population was resettled in Finland. Today there are still native speakers of Livvi-Karelian living scattered throughout Finland, but all areas in which Livvi-Karelian remain a community language are found in Russia.
Speakers of Livvi-Karelian may be found mainly in Olonetsky, Pryazhinsky, Pitkyarantsky, and partly Suoyarvsky districts of the Republic of Karelia.[7]
Livvi-Karelian long remained relatively uninfluenced by the Russian language despite the large influx of Russians following the founding of Saint Petersburg in 1703.[citation needed]
Phonology
Vowels
| Front | Back | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| rnd. | urnd. | rnd. | urnd. | |
| Close | iiː | yyː | uuː | |
| Mid | e | ø | o | |
| Open | æ | ɑ | ||
Consonants
| Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| plain | pal. | ||||||
| Plosive | voiceless | p | t | tʲ | k | ||
| voiced | b | d | dʲ | ɡ | |||
| Affricate | voiceless | t͡s | t͡ʃ | ||||
| voiced | d͡ʒ | ||||||
| Fricative | voiceless | (f) | s | ʃ | (x) | h | |
| voiced | z | ʒ | |||||
| Nasal | m | n | (ŋ) | ||||
| Approximant | ʋ | l | j | ||||
| Rhotic | r | ||||||
- Consonants may also occur as geminated or long [Cː].
- Sounds /f, x/ are commonly heard from Russian loanwords.
- /h/ can have allophones of [x] or [χ].
- /n/ is heard as [ŋ] when preceding /k/ or /ɡ/.
- Palatalization [ʲ] may occur among different dialects when consonants are preceding vowels /i, y/.[8]
See also
- Olonets
- Birch bark letter no. 292
References
- ^Karjalainen, Heini & Puura, Ulriikka & Grünthal, Riho & Kovaleva, Svetlana: Karelian in Russia. ELDIA Case-Specific Report. Studies in European Language Diversity 26. ELDIA, 2013. ISSN 2192-2403.
- ^Change in the regulation by the president of Finland about European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages, 27.11.2009 (in Finnish)
- ^"Законодательные акты: О государственной поддержке карельского, вепсского и финского языков в Республике Карелия". Archived from the original on 11 October 2017. Retrieved 8 January 2011.
- ^ ab"Livvi-Karelian". Ethnologue. Retrieved 28 May 2011.
- ^Moseley, Christopher (2007). Encyclopedia of the world's endangered languages. Psychology Press. p. 263. ISBN 9780203645659.
- ^"Language Family Trees, Uralic, Finnic". Ethnologue. Retrieved 28 May 2011.
- ^"Karelian Language", at the website about livvic culture
- ^Sarhimaa, Anneli (2022). Karelian. Oxford Guides to the World's Languages (1st ed.): Oxford University Press. pp. 274–275.
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External links
Media related to Livvi-Karelian language at Wikimedia Commons- Oma Mua – a weekly newspaper in Olonets KarelianArchived 26 November 2020 at the Wayback Machine
- Livvi language resources at Giellatekno