Wiki Languages: Gorontalo language (Hulontalo)
| Language: Gorontalo (Gorontalo language) | Local name: Hulontalo |
| Language code: gor | Display language: English (en)|
| Speak area: Indonesia | Classification: Austronesian |
| Country: Indonesia | Second language: |
| Usage: regional | Wiki language for Gorontalo language |
Dictionary for Gorontalo (Hulontalo) in English
| English | Gorontalo |
| Hulontalo | English |
| Gorontalo | |
|---|---|
| Bahasa Hulontalo | |
| Native to | Indonesia |
| Region | Gorontalo, Sulawesi |
Native speakers | 1 million (2000 census)[1] |
Language family | Austronesian
|
Writing system | Latin |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-2 | |
| ISO 639-3 | gor |
| Glottolog | goro1259 |
The Gorontalo language (also called Hulontalo) is a language spoken in Gorontalo Province, Sulawesi, Indonesia by the Gorontalo people.[2]
Dialects
Musa Kasim et al. (1981) give five main dialects of Gorontalo: east Gorontalo, Limboto, Gorontolo City, west Gorontalo, and Tilamuta.
Phonology
Consonants
| labial | alveolar | palatal | velar | glottal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| nasal | m | n | ɲ | ŋ | |||
| plosive | voiceless | p | t | d̠ | c | k | ʔ |
| voiced | b | d | ɟ | ɡ | |||
| implosive | ɓ | ɗ | |||||
| sonorant | plain | w | r | j | h | ||
| lateral | l | ||||||
Consonant sequences include NC (homorganic nasal–plosive), where C may be /b d t d̠ ɟ ɡ k/. Elsewhere, /b d/ are relatively rare and only occur before high vowels. /d̠/, written ⟨ḓ⟩ in the literature, is a laminal post-alveoral coronal stop that is indeterminate as to voicing. The phonemic status of [ʔ] is unclear; if [VʔV] is interpreted as vowel sequences /VV/, then this contrasts with long vowels (where the two V's are the same) and vowel sequences separated by linking glides (where the two V's are different).
Vowels
Gorontalo has five vowels.[3]
| front | central | back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| high | i | u | |
| mid | e | o | |
| low | a |
Notes
- ^Gorontalo at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
- ^"The Gorontalo Language". The linguist list. Retrieved 3 September 2010.
- ^Little (1995), p. 523
References
- Steinhauer, H. (1991). "Problems of Gorontalese Phonology". In Poeze, H. A.; Schoorl, P. (eds.). Excursies in Celebes: Een Bundel Bijdragen bij het Afscheid van J. Noorduyn als Directeur-Secretaris van het Koninklijk Instituut voor Taal-, Land- en Volkendkunde. KITLV Uitgeverij. pp. 325–338.
- Little, John A. Jr. (1995). "Gorontalo". In Tryon, Darrell T. (ed.). Comparative Austronesian Dictionary: An Introduction to Austronesian Studies. Vol. 1. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. pp. 521–527.
- Kasim, M. Musa; Wahidji, Habu; Pateda, Mansoer; Junus, Husain; Hasan, Kartin; Koem, A. P. (1981). Geografi Dialek Bahasa Gorontalo (in Indonesian). Jakarta: Pusat Pembinaan dan Pengembangan Bahasa – via repositori.kemdikbud.go.id.
- Joest, Wilhelm (1883). Das Holontalo: Glossar und grammatische Skizze (in German). Berlin: A. Asher & Company – via archive.org.