Wiki Languages: Lojban (Lojban)

Lojban
la .lojban.
Created by	Logical Language Group
Date	1987
Setting and usage	a logically engineered language for various usages
Purpose	constructed languages engineered languages logical languages Lojban
Writing system	Latin and others
Sources	Loglan, Láadan
Language codes
ISO 639-2	jbo
ISO 639-3	jbo

Lojban is a constructed language that some people speak. It is an unusual language because it is based on predicate logic, and because it is made to have no syntacticambiguity. These qualities make many people call Lojban a "logical language."

People from all countries can learn and speak Lojban. A person who speaks Lojban is sometimes called a lojbanist.

Lojban was made between 1987 and 1997 by an organization called the "Logical Language Group". The rules (grammar) of Lojban are written in a book called The Complete Lojban Language. This book was published in 1997, and written by John Woldemar Cowen. Lojban grammar terms are ordered in a structure:

• lojbo gernaLojban grammar
• ├ jufrasentence, in view of etymology from Chinese 句 jù, Spanish frase, Russian фра́за^[1]
• │└ bridipredicate structure^[2]
• │   ├ selbriverb construction consisting of brivo
• │   │└ tanruconsists of more than one brivo, derived from English metaphor, Chinese 隐喻 yǐnyù, Hindi रूपक rupak
• │   │   ├ seltauleft word in a tanru
• │   │   └ tertauright word in a tanru
• │   └ terbriargument structure
• │       └ sumtiargument, equalling subject/object
• │           └ gadriinitiating article such as la, le, lo, derived from Chinese 冠词 guàncí, Arabic أداة adah, Spanish artículo
• └ valsiword, derived from Hindi वचन vachan, Russian слово, Chinese 词 sí
•     ├ cmavostructure word, from ‘cmalu valsi’ = small word^[3]
•     │├ selma'ocmavo class
•     │└ terma'o (or cmavo smuni) cmavo meaning
•     ├ brivo, brivla^[4]
•     │├ gismu5-letter root word, from Chinese 根基源 gēnjīyuán, Hindi मूल mul
•     │├ lujvocompound word made from ‘rafsi’
•     ││├ rafsiaffix, suffix, prefix, derived also from Hindi प्रत्यय pratyay, Chinese 词缀 sízhuì
•     ││├ reljvo, cibjvo, vonjvo, ...lujvo consisting of 2, 3, 4, ... rafsi^[5]
•     ││├ jvotau (or veljvo) tanru or metaphor construct (without shortenings to rafsi) of lujvo
•     ││├ zevlyjvolujvo formed from zi'evla via a morphological extension using -(')y(')- hyphens
•     ││├ nibysucyjvoimplicit-abstraction lujvo^[6]
•     ││├ (sizy)jvomi'u(concept of) equivalent, alternative lujvo form(s) with equal meaning, from ‘(si'o) lujvo mintu’
•     ││├ jvova'ilujvo score, from ‘lujvo vamji’^[7]
•     ││└ xlajvobad / poorly-made lujvo, from ‘xlali lujvo’
•     │└ fu'ivlaloanword, from ‘fukpi valsi’ = copied word^[8]
•     │   ├ pavyfu'ivlain stage 1 the original word’s spelling is kept
•     │   └ zevla, zi'evla(zifre valsi = ‘free word’)
•     │       └ relfu'ivla, cibyfu'ivla, ...in higher stages foreign spellings are changed
•     └ cmevo, cmevlaproperty word ending in a consonant, ‘cmene’ is a cmevo word(s) construction^[9]
•         └ jvocmevolujvo-like cmevo

Lojban is based on an earlier language called Loglan. Loglan was the first "logical language". It was created by a man named James Cooke Brown, who wanted to test a hypothesis called the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis. The Sapir-Whorf hypothesis says that languages affect and limit how their speakers think.

Goals

As with Loglan, one of Lojban's goals is to test the Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis. Lojban is meant to change how people think. This is because it is unlike any natural language, and because it forces its speakers to focus on the logic of what they say.

Another goal of Lojban is to be simple and easy to learn, so Lojban only has 1300 main words. Anyone can combine these "root words" to make more complex words.

If you speak Lojban correctly, it is unlikely for someone else to be confused by what you are saying. This is because one goal of Lojban was to eliminate syntactic ambiguity from language.

One of the problems with natural languages like English is that they have very much ambiguity. This means that not everything a person might say has one clear meaning in these languages.

Linguistic relationships are always very clear in Lojban, so such ambiguity cannot exist in the language.

Examples

Here are some examples of words and sentences in Lojban:

mi'e is used when you are telling somebody your name. There is no country where everyone speaks Lojban, so nobody is born with a name in Lojban. But, some Lojbanists make up lojban names for themselves that they use. Because they know most other people do not speak lojban, they usually keep their real name as well, and only use their lojban name when speaking to other lojbanists. If someone is telling you their real name, they usually say mi'e la'oi (sounds like miheh lahoy) followed by the name.

go'i means "yes, I agree with you". Sometimes in English, the word 'yes' is used to mean other things. For example, you might say "Yes" (or "OK" or "uh-huh") to tell someone that you heard what they are saying. In Lojban you do not say go'i for this; instead you say je'e (sounds like zhehheh). This is part of the idea of lojban: to make words easier to understand by making sure that one word can only mean one thing.

References